Deep Dive
1. Mainnet Launch as Base L3 Rollup (9 December 2025)
Overview: Horizen launched its mainnet as an EVM-native Layer 3 rollup on Base. This completed its transition from an independent proof-of-work blockchain, allowing developers to build Solidity-based apps with Ethereum-grade security and lower costs.
The technical shift makes Horizen a privacy appchain within the Ethereum ecosystem. It uses the OP Stack for scaling, processes transactions internally, and batches them to Base for settlement. A key upcoming integration is with zkVerify to reduce gas costs for complex zero-knowledge proofs. A preview of a Confidential Compute Environment using trusted execution environments (TEEs) for private on-chain computation is also available, with a full launch targeted for Q1 2026.
What this means: This is bullish for ZEN because it makes the network faster, cheaper for developers, and more secure by leveraging Ethereum. It opens the door for a wider range of applications, from private DeFi to gaming, which could drive more usage and demand for the ZEN token.
(The Defiant)
2. New Staking Program with zkVerify (30 September 2025)
Overview: Subject to DAO approval, the Horizen Foundation announced plans to operate validator nodes on the zkVerify protocol and fund a new ZEN staking program with emissions from those operations.
This update ties ZEN's staking rewards to the utility and adoption of a separate privacy infrastructure network (zkVerify). It represents a strategic technical integration that creates a new yield mechanism for ZEN holders, moving beyond simple network security staking.
What this means: This is bullish for ZEN because it could provide token holders with a new way to earn rewards, making holding ZEN more attractive. It also deepens Horizen's integration within the broader privacy tech ecosystem.
(Horizen)
3. Token Migration & Base Integration (24 July 2025)
Overview: Horizen completed the migration of its native ZEN token from its original UTXO blockchain to Coinbase's Base network as a standard ERC-20 token. This was a foundational codebase change that discontinued the old mainchain and EON sidechain.
The migration enabled immediate liquidity on Base DEXs like Aerodrome and Uniswap. It also increased the circulating supply to 17.25 million ZEN (from 16 million) by allocating tokens to the DAO and Foundation, while keeping the hard cap at 21 million. Governance for this move was enacted via ZenIP 42405.
What this means: This was a crucial, neutral-to-bullish update for ZEN. It made the token much easier to trade and use in popular DeFi applications, improving its liquidity and accessibility for a much larger user base.
(CoinMarketCap)
Conclusion
Horizen's development trajectory shows a decisive pivot from an isolated Layer 1 to a specialized, privacy-focused Layer 3 within the Ethereum ecosystem, aiming for greater scalability, developer adoption, and integration. How will the rollout of its confidential compute environment in 2026 impact developer activity and real-world use cases?